Author:

Keywords:

Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, cardiac, surgery, bypass, kidney, injury, ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY, CARDIAC-SURGERY, URINARY BIOMARKERS, OFF-PUMP, ON-PUMP, REPLACEMENT THERAPY, OXIDATIVE STRESS, OXYGEN DELIVERY, OUTCOMES, DISEASE, Humans, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Postoperative Complications, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Acute Kidney Injury, Kidney, Risk Factors, Retrospective Studies, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, 3201 Cardiovascular medicine and haematology

Abstract:

Cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with postoperative renal dysfunction, one of the most common complications of this surgical cohort. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased short-term morbidity and mortality and has been the focus of much research. There is increasing recognition of the role of AKI as the key pathophysiological state leading to the disease entities acute and chronic kidney disease (AKD and CKD). In this narrative review, we will consider the epidemiology of renal dysfunction after cardiac surgery on CPB and the clinical manifestations across the spectrum of disease. We will discuss the transition between different states of injury and dysfunction, and, importantly, the relevance to clinicians. The specific facets of kidney injury on extracorporeal circulation will be described and the current evidence evaluated for the use of perfusion-based techniques to reduce the incidence and mitigate the complications of renal dysfunction after cardiac surgery.