Author:

Keywords:

Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Ophthalmology, colour Doppler imaging, glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, spontaneous venous pulsation, vascular dysfunction, CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN, INTRAOCULAR PULSE PRESSURE, BLOOD-FLOW VELOCITIES, PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE, ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, COLLAPSE PRESSURE, PROGRESSION, RESISTANCE, Aged, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Pressure, Glaucoma, Open-Angle, Humans, Intraocular Pressure, Low Tension Glaucoma, Middle Aged, Orbit, Regional Blood Flow, Retinal Vein, Risk Factors, Tonometry, Ocular, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color, Visual Acuity, Visual Fields, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 1109 Neurosciences, 1113 Opthalmology and Optometry, Ophthalmology & Optometry, 3212 Ophthalmology and optometry

Abstract:

Purpose:  Recently, the absence of spontaneous venous pulsation (SVP) has been suggested as a vascular risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). As the mechanism behind this phenomenon is still unknown, the authors have studied this vascular component using colour Doppler imaging (CDI). Methods:  A total of 236 patients were divided into three diagnostic groups: healthy controls (81), POAG (86) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG; 69). All subjects were submitted to CDI studies of the retrobulbar circulation, intraocular pressure measurements and assessment of SVP existence. Mann-Whitney, chi-square contingency tables and Spearman correlations were used to explore differences and correlations between variables in the diagnostic groups. Results:  Eighty-two percent of healthy controls had SVP (66/81), while a smaller numbers were registered in both glaucoma groups: POAG - 50% (43/86); NTG - 51% (35/69). In NTG patients, but not in POAG patients, the prevalence of the SVP phenomenon decreases with increased glaucoma damage (p = 0.04; p = 0.55, respectively). Overall glaucoma patients from both groups had lower central retinal vein (CRV) velocities than the healthy controls (p < 0.05). NTG patients with SVP had less severe visual field defects (mean defect -6.92 versus -11.1, p < 0.05), lower peak systolic and mean flow velocities in the central retinal artery (p < 0.01; p < 0.05, respectively) as well as lower maximal velocities and RI of the CRV (p < 0.02; p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions:  Glaucoma patients have a decrease in CRV velocities. SVP is less prevalent in glaucoma patients than in healthy individuals. This phenomenon apparently reflects different hemodynamic patterns in the central retinal vessels. This variable may be of particular importance in NTG patients, where it may be associated with more advanced functional damage.