Lancet
Publication date:
2020-10-17
Volume:
396
Pages:
1135 -
1159
Publisher:
Elsevier
Author:
Abbafati, Cristiana
Abbas, Kaja M ; Abbasi, Mohammad ; Abbasifard, Mitra ; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen ; Abbastabar, Hedayat ; Abd-Allah, Foad ; Abdelalim, Ahmed ; Abdollahi, Mohammad ; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim ; Abedi, Aidin ; Abedi, Parisa ; Abegaz, Kedir Hussein ; Abolhassani, Hassan ; Abosetugn, Akine Eshete ; Aboyans, Victor ; Abrams, Elissa M ; Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes ; Abrigo, Michael RM ; Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid ; Abualhasan, Ahmed ; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman ; Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal ; Abushouk, Abdelrahman I ; Acebedo, Alyssa ; Ackerman, Ilana N ; Adabi, Maryam ; Adair, Tim ; Adamu, Abdu A ; Adebayo, Oladimeji M ; Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi ; Adekanmbi, Victor ; Adelson, Jaimie D ; Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood ; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O ; Adham, Davoud ; Advani, Shailesh M ; Afarideh, Mohsen ; Afshari, Mahdi ; Afshin, Ashkan ; Agardh, Emilie E ; Agarwal, Gina ; Agasthi, Pradyumna ; Agesa, Kareha M ; Aghaali, Mohammad ; Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem ; Agrawal, Anurag ; Ahmad, Tauseef ; Ahmadi, Alireza ; Ahmadi, Keivan ; Ahmadi, Mehdi ; Ahmadieh, Hamid ; Ahmadpour, Ehsan ; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir ; Aji, Budi ; Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie ; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola ; Akinyemiju, Tomi ; Akombi, Blessing ; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet ; Alahdab, Fares ; Al-Aly, Ziyad ; Alam, Khurshid ; Alam, Noore ; Alam, Samiah ; Alam, Tahiya ; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour ; Alanzi, Turki M ; Albertson, Samuel B ; Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth ; Alema, Niguse Meles ; Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun ; Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta ; Alhabib, Khalid F ; Alhassan, Robert Kaba ; Ali, Muhammad ; Ali, Saqib ; Alicandro, Gianfranco ; Alijanzadeh, Mehran ; Alinia, Cyrus ; Alipour, Vahid ; Alizade, Hesam ; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed ; Alla, Francois ; Allebeck, Peter ; Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad ; Almasi, Ali ; Almasi-Hashiani, Amir ; Almasri, Nihad A ; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M ; Almulhim, Abdulaziz M ; Alonso, Jordi ; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M ; Altirkawi, Khalid A ; Alumran, Arwa Khalid ; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson ; Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J ; Amare, Azmeraw T ; Amare, Bekalu ; Amini, Saeed ; Amini-Rarani, Mostafa ; Aminorroaya, Arya ; Amiri, Fatemeh ; Amit, Arianna Maever L ; Amugsi, Dickson A ; Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera ; Anbesu, Etsay Woldu ; Ancuceanu, Robert ; Anderlini, Deanna ; Anderson, Jason A ; Andrei, Catalina Liliana ; Andrei, Tudorel ; Androudi, Sofia ; Angus, Colin ; Anjomshoa, Mina ; Ansari, Fereshteh ; Ansari, Iman ; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza ; Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo ; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T ; Antony, Catherine M ; Antriyandarti, Ernoiz ; Anvari, Davood ; Anwer, Razique ; Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw ; Arabloo, Jalal ; Arab-Zozani, Morteza ; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y ; Arba, Aseb Arba Kinfe ; Aremu, Olatunde ; Ariani, Filippo ; Aripov, Timur ; Armoon, Bahram ; Arnlov, Johan ; Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi Olalekan ; Aryal, Krishna K ; Arzani, Afsaneh ; Asaad, Malke ; Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran ; Asadi-Pooya, Ali A ; Asgari, Samaneh ; Asghari, Babak ; Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari ; Ashbaugh, Charlie ; Assmus, Michael ; Atafar, Zahra ; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin ; Atnafu, Desta Debalkie ; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi ; Atre, Sachin R ; Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan ; Ausloos, Floriane ; Ausloos, Marcel ; Avila-Burgos, Leticia ; Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur ; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala ; Ayano, Getinet ; Ayanore, Martin Amogre ; Aynalem, Getie Lake ; Aynalem, Yared Asmare ; Ayza, Muluken Altaye ; Azari, Samad ; Azarian, Ghasem ; Azene, Zelalem Nigussie ; Azhar, Gulrez ; Azzopardi, Peter S ; Darshan, BB ; Babaee, Ebrahim ; Badawi, Alaa ; Badiye, Ashish D ; Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba ; Bagli, Eleni ; Bahrami, Mohammad Amin ; Baig, Atif Amin ; Bairwa, Mohan ; Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein ; Bakhtiari, Ahad ; Bakkannavar, Shankar M ; Balachandran, Arun ; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar ; Balalla, Shivanthi ; Balassyano, Shelly ; Baldasseroni, Alberto ; Ball, Kylie ; Ballew, Shoshana H ; Balzi, Daniela ; Banach, Maciej ; Banerjee, Srikanta K ; Banik, Palash Chandra ; Bannick, Marlena S ; Bante, Agegnehu Bante ; Bante, Simachew Animen ; Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher ; Barboza, Miguel A ; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn ; Barnighausen, Till Winfried ; Barrero, Lope H ; Barthelemy, Celine M ; Barua, Lingkan ; Barzegar, Akbar ; Basaleem, Huda ; Bassat, Quique ; Basu, Sanjay ; Baune, Bernhard T ; Bayati, Mohsen ; Baye, Bayisa Abdissa ; Bazmandegan, Gholamreza ; Becker, Jacob S ; Bedi, Neeraj ; Beghi, Ettore ; Behzadifar, Masoud ; Bejot, Yannick ; Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye ; Bell, Michelle L ; Bello, Aminu K ; Bender, Rose G ; Bennett, Derrick A ; Bennitt, Fiona B ; Bensenor, Isabela M ; Benziger, Catherine P ; Berhe, Kidanemaryam ; Berman, Adam E ; Bernabe, Eduardo ; Bernstein, Robert S ; Bertolacci, Gregory J ; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth ; Bhageerathy, Reshmi ; Bhala, Neeraj ; Bhandari, Dinesh ; Bhardwaj, Pankaj ; Bhat, Anusha Ganapati ; Bhattacharyya, Krittika ; Bhattarai, Suraj ; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A ; Bibi, Sadia ; Biehl, Molly H ; Bijani, Ali ; Bikbov, Boris ; Bilano, Ver ; Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat ; Biondi, Antonio ; Birihane, Binyam Minuye ; Bisanzio, Donal ; Bisignano, Catherine ; Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; Bitew, Helen ; Bjorge, Tone ; Bockarie, Moses John ; Bohlouli, Somayeh ; Bohluli, Mehdi ; Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa ; Bolla, Srinivasa Rao ; Boloor, Archith ; Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S ; Borges, Guilherme ; Borzi, Antonio Maria ; Borzouei, Shiva ; Bose, Dipan ; Bosetti, Cristina ; Boufous, Soufiane ; Bourne, Rupert ; Brady, Oliver J ; Braithwaite, Dejana ; Brauer, Michael ; Brayne, Carol ; Breitborde, Nicholas JK ; Breitner, Susanne ; Brenner, Hermann ; Breusov, Alexey V ; Briant, Paul Svitil ; Briggs, Andrew M ; Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich ; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich ; Britton, Gabrielle B ; Brugha, Traolach ; Bryazka, Dana ; Buchbinder, Rachelle ; Bumgarner, Blair R ; Burkart, Katrin ; Burnett, Richard Thomas ; Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina ; Busse, Reinhard ; Butt, Zahid A ; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano ; Cahill, Leah E ; Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero ; Cai, Tianji ; Callender, Charlton SKH ; Camera, Luis Alberto ; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R ; Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano ; Cao, Jackie ; Car, Josip ; Cardenas, Rosario ; Carreras, Giulia ; Carrero, Juan J ; Carvalho, Felix ; Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio ; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A ; Castelpietra, Giulio ; Castle, Chris D ; Castro, Emma ; Castro, Franz ; Catala-Lopez, Ferran ; Causey, Kate ; Cederroth, Christopher R ; Cercy, Kelly M ; Cerin, Ester ; Chalek, Julian ; Chandan, Joht Singh ; Chang, Alex R ; Chang, Angela Y ; Chang, Jung-Chen ; Chang, Kai-Lan ; Charan, Jaykaran ; Charlson, Fiona J ; Chattu, Vijay Kumar ; Chaturvedi, Sarika ; Cherbuin, Nicolas ; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel ; Chin, Ken Lee ; Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo ; Cho, Daniel Youngwhan ; Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine ; Christensen, Hanne ; Chu, Dinh-Toi ; Chung, Michael T ; Chung, Sheng-Chia ; Cicuttini, Flavia M ; Ciobanu, Liliana G ; Cirillo, Massimo ; Cislaghi, Beniamino ; Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne ; Cohen, Aaron J ; Collins, Emma L ; Comfort, Haley ; Compton, Kelly ; Conti, Sara ; Cooper, Owen R ; Corso, Barbara ; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo ; Costa, Vera Marisa ; Cousin, Ewerton ; Cowden, Richard G ; Cowie, Benjamin C ; Cromwell, Elizabeth A ; Croneberger, Andrew J ; Cross, Di H ; Cross, Marita ; Crowe, Christopher Stephen ; Cruz, Jessica A ; Cummins, Steven ; Cunningham, Matthew ; Dahlawi, Saad MA ; Dai, Haijiang ; Dai, Hancheng ; Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura ; Damiani, Giovanni ; D'Amico, Emanuele ; Dandona, Lalit ; Dandona, Rakhi ; Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz ; Dangel, William James ; Danielsson, Anna-Karin ; Gela, Jiregna Darega ; Dargan, Paul I ; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad ; Daryani, Ahmad ; Das, Jai K ; Das Gupta, Rajat ; Das Neves, Jose ; Dash, Aditya Prasad ; Davey, Gail ; Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto ; Davis, Adrian C ; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil ; Davletov, Kairat ; De Leo, Diego ; De Neve, Jan-Walter ; Dean, Frances E ; DeCleene, Nicole K ; Deen, Amanda ; Degenhardt, Louisa ; DeLang, Marissa ; Dellavalle, Robert Paul ; Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen ; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam ; Demsie, Desalegn Getnet ; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar ; Dereje, Nebiyu Dereje ; Deribe, Kebede ; Dervenis, Nikolaos ; Desai, Rupak ; Desalew, Assefa ; Dessie, Getenet Ayalew ; Deuba, Keshab ; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda ; Dhungana, Govinda Prasad ; Dianatinasab, Mostafa ; da Silva, Diana Dias ; Diaz, Daniel ; Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji ; Dichgans, Martin ; Didarloo, Alireza ; Dingels, Zachary V ; Dippenaar, Ilse N ; Dirac, M Ashworth ; Djalalinia, Shirin ; Do, Hoa Thi ; Dokova, Klara ; Doku, David Teye ; Dolecek, Christiane ; Dolgert, Andrew J ; Dorostkar, Fariba ; Doshi, Chirag P ; Doshi, Pratik P ; Doshmangir, Leila ; Douiri, Abdel ; Doxey, Matthew C ; Doyle, Kerrie E ; Driscoll, Tim Robert ; Dubljanin, Eleonora ; Dunachie, Susanna J ; Duncan, Bruce B ; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues ; Eagan, Arielle Wilder ; Ebrahimi, Hedyeh ; Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi ; Edvardsson, David ; Effiong, Andem ; Ehrlich, Joshua R ; El Nahas, Nevine ; El Sayed, Iman ; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed ; El Tantawi, Maha ; Elbarazi, Iffat ; Elgendy, Islam Y ; Elhabashy, Hala Rashad ; El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I ; Elsharkawy, Aisha ; Elyazar, Iqbal RF ; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan ; Emmons-Bell, Sophia ; Erskine, Holly E ; Eshrati, Babak ; Eskandari, Khalil ; Eskandarieh, Sharareh ; Esmaeilnejad, Saman ; Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz ; Esteghamati, Alireza ; Esteghamati, Sadaf ; Estep, Kara ; Etemadi, Arash ; Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas ; Ezekannagha, Oluchi ; Fanzo, Jessica ; Farag, Tamer ; Farahmand, Mohammad ; Faraj, Anwar ; Faraon, Emerito Jose A ; Fareed, Mohammad ; Faridnia, Roghiyeh ; Farinha, Carla Sofia E Sa ; Farioli, Andrea ; Faris, Pawan Sirwan ; Faro, Andre ; Faruque, Mithila ; Farzadfar, Farshad ; Fattahi, Nazir ; Fazaeli, Ali Akbar ; Fazlzadeh, Mehdi ; Feigin, Valery L ; Feldman, Rachel ; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad ; Fernandes, Eduarda ; Ferrara, Giannina ; Ferrara, Pietro ; Ferrari, Alize J ; Ferreira, Manuela L ; Feyissa, Garumma Tolu ; Filip, Irina ; Fischer, Florian ; Fisher, James L ; Fitzgerald, Ryan ; Flohr, Carsten ; Flor, Luisa Sorio ; Foigt, Nataliya A ; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin ; Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich ; Force, Lisa M ; Fornari, Carla ; Foroutan, Masoud ; Fox, Jack T ; Francis, Joel Msafiri ; Frank, Tahvi D ; Franklin, Richard Charles ; Freitas, Marisa ; Fu, Weijia ; Fukumoto, Takeshi ; Fukutaki, Kai ; Fuller, John E ; Fullman, Nancy ; Furtado, Joao M ; Gad, Mohamed M ; Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji ; Gakidou, Emmanuela ; Galles, Natalie C ; Gallus, Silvano ; Gamkrelidze, Amiran ; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L ; Gardner, William M ; Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle ; Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen ; Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork ; Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn ; Gebremeskel, Leake G ; Gebresillassie, Begashaw Melaku ; Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew ; Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea ; Geremew, Abraham ; Hayoon, Anna Gershberg ; Gesesew, Hailay Abrha ; Gething, Peter W ; Gezae, Kebede Embaye ; Ghadimi, Maryam ; Ghadiri, Keyghobad ; Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh ; Ghafourifard, Mansour ; Ghajar, Alireza ; Ghamari, Farhad ; Ghashghaee, Ahmad ; Ghiasvand, Hesam ; Ghith, Nermin ; Gholamian, Asadollah ; Ghosh, Rakesh ; Giampaoli, Simona ; Gilani, Syed Amir ; Gill, Paramjit Singh ; Gill, Tiffany K ; Gillum, Richard F ; Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed ; Ginindza, Themba G ; Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan ; Giussani, Giorgia ; Glagn, Mustefa ; Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna ; Gnedovskaya, Elena V ; Godinho, Myron Anthony ; Goharinezhad, Salime ; Golechha, Mahaveer ; Goli, Srinivas ; Gomez, Ricardo Santiago ; Gona, Philimon N ; Gopalani, Sameer Vali ; Goren, Emily ; Gorini, Giuseppe ; Gorman, Taren M ; Gottlich, Harrison Chase ; Goudarzi, Houman ; Goudarzian, Amir Hossein ; Goulart, Alessandra C ; Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia ; Grada, Ayman ; Greaves, Felix ; Grivna, Michal ; Grosso, Giuseppe ; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen ; Gudi, Nachiket ; Gugnani, Harish Chander ; Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena ; Guimaraes, Rafael Alves ; Guled, Rashid Abdi ; Gultie, Teklemariam ; Guo, Gaorui ; Guo, Yuming ; Gupta, Rahul ; Gupta, Rajeev ; Sharan, Subodh ; Gupta, Tarun ; Haagsma, Juanita A ; Hachinski, Vladimir ; Haddock, Beatrix ; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima ; Hafiz, Abdul ; Hagins, Hailey ; Haile, Lydia M ; Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher ; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin ; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya ; Hall, Brian J ; Halvaei, Iman ; Hamadeh, Randah R ; Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib ; Hameed, Sajid ; Hamidi, Samer ; Hamilton, Erin B ; Hammer, Melanie S ; Han, Chieh ; Han, Hannah ; Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes ; Hanif, Asif ; Hankey, Graeme J ; Haririan, Hamidreza ; Haro, Josep Maria ; Harvey, James D ; Hasaballah, Ahmed I ; Hasan, Md Mehedi ; Hasanpoor, Edris ; Hasanzadeh, Amir ; Hashemian, Maryam ; Hashi, Abdiwahab ; Hassan, Amr ; Hassan, Shoaib ; Hassanipour, Soheil ; Hassankhani, Hadi ; Havmoeller, Rasmus J ; Hay, Roderick J ; Hay, Simon I ; Hayat, Khezar ; Heibati, Behzad ; Heidari, Behnam ; Heidari, Golnaz ; Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza ; Hendrie, Delia ; Henny, Kiana ; Henok, Andualem ; Henrikson, Hannah J ; Henry, Nathaniel J ; Herbert, Molly E ; Herteliu, Claudiu ; Heydarpour, Fatemeh ; Hird, Thomas R ; Ho, Hung Chak ; Hoek, Hans W ; Hole, Michael K ; Holla, Ramesh ; Hollingsworth, Bruce ; Hoogar, Praveen ; Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury ; Horita, Nobuyuki ; Hosgood, H Dean ; Hossain, Naznin ; Hosseini, Mostafa ; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi ; Hostiuc, Mihaela ; Hostiuc, Sorin ; Househ, Mowafa ; Hoy, Damian G ; Hsairi, Mohamed ; Hsiao, Thomas ; Hsieh, Vivian Chia-Rong ; Hu, Guoqing ; Hu, Kejia ; Huda, Tanvir M ; Hugo, Fernando N ; Humayun, Ayesha ; Hussain, Rabia ; Huynh, Chantal K ; Hwang, Bing-Fang ; Iannucci, Vincent C ; Iavicoli, Ivo ; Ibeneme, Charles Ugochukwu ; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel ; Ikeda, Nayu ; Ikuta, Kevin S ; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen ; Ilic, Irena M ; Ilic, Milena D ; Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan ; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja ; Ippolito, Helen ; Iqbal, Usman ; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi ; Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter ; Islam, M Mofizul ; Islam, MdMohaimenul ; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful ; Islami, Farhad ; Iso, Hiroyasu ; Ivers, Rebecca Q ; Iwu, Chidozie CD ; Iwu, Chinwe Juliana ; Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi ; Jaafari, Jalil ; Jacobsen, Kathryn H ; Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad ; Jafari, Hussain ; Jafarinia, Morteza ; Jahagirdar, Deepa ; Jahani, Mohammad Ali ; Jahanmehr, Nader ; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo ; Jalali, Amir ; Jalilian, Farzad ; James, Spencer L ; Janjani, Hosna ; Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar ; Javaheri, Tahereh ; Javidnia, Javad ; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra ; Jeemon, Panniyammakal ; Jenabi, Ensiyeh ; Jha, Ravi Prakash ; Jha, Vivekanand ; Ji, John S ; Jia, Peng ; Johansson, Lars ; John, Oommen ; John-Akinola, Yetunde O ; Johnson, Catherine Owens ; Johnson, Sarah Charlotte ; Jonas, Jost B ; Joo, Tamas ; Joshi, Ankur ; Joukar, Farahnaz ; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy ; Jurisson, Mikk ; Kabir, Ali ; Kabir, Zubair ; Kalani, Hamed ; Kalani, Rizwan ; Kalankesh, Leila R ; Kalhor, Rohollah ; Kamath, Aruna M ; Kamiab, Zahra ; Kanchan, Tanuj ; Kapoor, Neeti ; Matin, Behzad Karami ; Karanikolos, Marina ; Karch, Andre ; Karim, Mohd Anisul ; Karimi, Salah Eddin ; Karimi, Seyed Asaad ; Karimi, Seyed M ; Kasa, Ayele Semachew ; Kassa, Getachew Mullu ; Kassebaum, Nicholas J ; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal ; Kawakami, Norito ; Kayode, Gbenga A ; Karyani, Ali Kazemi ; Keddie, Suzanne H ; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga ; Keller, Cathleen ; Kemmer, Laura ; Kendrick, Parkes J ; Kereselidze, Maia ; Khader, Yousef Saleh ; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif ; Khalid, Nauman ; Khammarnia, Mohammad ; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad ; Khan, Gulfaraz ; Khan, Maseer ; Khang, Young-Ho ; Khatab, Khaled ; Khater, Amir M ; Khater, Mona M ; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli ; Khayamzadeh, Maryam ; Khazaei, Salman ; Khazaie, Habibolah ; Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi ; Khoja, Abdullah T ; Khubchandani, Jagdish ; Khundkar, Roba ; Kianipour, Neda ; Kieling, Christian ; Kim, Cho-Il ; Kim, Daniel ; Kim, Young-Eun ; Kim, Yun Jin ; Kimokoti, Ruth W ; Kinfu, Yohannes ; Kisa, Adnan ; Kisa, Sezer ; Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna ; Kissoon, Niranjan ; Kivimaki, Mika ; Kneib, Cameron J ; Knibbs, Luke D ; Knight, Megan ; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo ; Kocarnik, Jonathan M ; Kochhar, Sonali ; Koh, David SQ ; Kohler, Stefan ; Kolola, Tufa ; Komaki, Hamidreza ; Kopec, Jacek A ; Korotkova, Anna V ; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich ; Kosen, Soewarta ; Kotlo, Anirudh ; Koul, Parvaiz A ; Koyanagi, Ai ; Kraemer, Moritz UG ; Kravchenko, Michael A ; Krishan, Kewal ; Krohn, Kris J ; Kromhout, Hans ; Shaji, KS ; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate ; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk ; Kugbey, Nuworza ; Kulkarni, Vaman ; Kumar, G Anil ; Kumar, Manasi ; Kumar, Nithin ; Kumar, Pushpendra ; Kumar, Vivek ; Kumaresh, Girikumar ; Kurmi, Om P ; Kusuma, Dian ; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe ; La Vecchia, Carlo ; Lacey, Ben ; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar ; Lalloo, Ratilal ; Lallukka, Tea ; Lam, Jennifer O ; Lami, Faris Hasan ; Lan, Qing ; Landires, Ivan ; Lang, Justin J ; Langan, Sinead M ; Lansingh, Van Charles ; Lansky, Sonia ; Larson, Heidi Jane ; Larson, Samantha Leigh ; Larsson, Anders O ; Lasrado, Savita ; Lassi, Zohra S ; Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming ; Lauriola, Paolo ; Lavados, Pablo M ; Lazarus, Jeffrey V ; Leal, Lisiane F ; Leasher, Janet L ; Ledesma, Jorge R ; Lee, Paul H ; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey ; Leever, Andrew T ; LeGrand, Kate E ; Leigh, James ; Leonardi, Matilde ; Lescinsky, Haley ; Leung, Janni ; Levi, Miriam ; Lewington, Sarah ; Li, Bingyu ; Li, Shanshan ; Lim, Lee-Ling ; Lin, Christine ; Lin, Ro-Ting ; Linehan, Christine ; Linn, Shai ; Listl, Stefan ; Liu, Hung-Chun ; Liu, Shiwei ; Liu, Simin ; Liu, Xuefeng ; Liu, Yang ; Liu, Zichen ; Lo, Justin ; Lodha, Rakesh ; Logroscino, Giancarlo ; Looker, Katharine J ; Lopez, Alan D ; Lopez, Jaifred Christian F ; Lopukhov, Platon D ; Lorkowski, Stefan ; Lotufo, Paulo A ; Lozano, Rafael ; Lu, Alton ; Lucas, Tim CD ; Lugo, Alessandra ; Lunevicius, Raimundas ; Lyons, Ronan A ; Ma, Jianing ; Machado, Daiane Borges ; MacLachlan, Jennifer H ; Madadin, Mohammed ; Maddison, Emilie R ; Maddison, Ralph ; Madotto, Fabiana ; Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy ; Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy ; Mahasha, Phetole Walter ; Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi ; Mahmoudi, Morteza ; Mai, Hue Thi ; Majeed, Azeem ; Malagon-Rojas, Jeadran N ; Maled, Venkatesh ; Maleki, Afshin ; Maleki, Shokofeh ; Malekzadeh, Reza ; Malta, Deborah Carvalho ; Mamun, Abdullah A ; Manafi, Amir ; Manafi, Navid ; Manda, Ana Laura ; Manguerra, Helena ; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz ; Mansouri, Borhan ; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali ; Herrera, Ana M Mantilla ; Mapoma, Chabila Christopher ; Maravilla, Joemer C ; Marks, Ashley ; Martin, Randall V ; Martini, Santi ; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio ; Martopullo, Ira ; Masaka, Anthony ; Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra ; Massano, Joao ; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard ; Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I ; Mathur, Manu Raj ; Matsushita, Kunihiro ; Maulik, Pallab K ; May, Erin A ; Mazidi, Mohsen ; McAlinden, Colm ; McGrath, John J ; Mckee, Martin ; Medina-Solis, Carlo Eduardo ; Meharie, Birhanu Geta ; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan ; Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi ; Mehri, Fereshteh ; Mehrotra, Ravi ; Mehta, Kala M ; Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda ; Mekonnen, Teferi ; Melese, Addisu ; Memiah, Peter TN ; Memish, Ziad A ; Mendoza, Walter ; Menezes, Ritesh G ; Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku ; Mengesha, Meresa Berwo ; Mensah, George A ; Mereke, Alibek ; Mereta, Seid Tiku ; Meretoja, Atte ; Meretoja, Tuomo J ; Mestrovic, Tomislav ; Miazgowski, Bartosz ; Miazgowski, Tomasz ; Michalek, Irmina Maria ; Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu ; Miller, Ted R ; Mills, Edward J ; Milne, George J ; Mini, GK ; Miri, Mohammad ; Mirica, Andreea ; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M ; Mirzaei, Hamed ; Mirzaei, Maryam ; Mirzaei, Roya ; Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi ; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen ; Mitchell, Philip B ; Mithra, Prasanna ; Moazen, Babak ; Moghadaszadeh, Masoud ; Mohajer, Bahram ; Mohamad, Osama ; Mohamadi, Efat ; Mohammad, Dara K ; Mohammad, Yousef ; Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi ; Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl ; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah ; Mohammadifard, Noushin ; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza ; Mohammed, Ammas Siraj ; Mohammed, Hussen ; Mohammed, Jemal Abdu ; Mohammed, Shafiu ; Mohebi, Farnam ; Bandpei, Mohammad A Mohseni ; Mokari, Amin ; Mokdad, Ali H ; Molokhia, Mariam ; Momen, Natalie C ; Monasta, Lorenzo ; Mondello, Stefania ; Mooney, Meghan D ; Moosazadeh, Mahmood ; Moradi, Ghobad ; Moradi, Masoud ; Moradi-Joo, Mohammad ; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar ; Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah ; Moraga, Paula ; Morales, Linda ; Morawska, Lidia ; Velasquez, Ilais Moreno ; Morgado-da-Costa, Joana ; Morrison, Shane Douglas ; Mosapour, Abbas ; Mosser, Jonathan F ; Mouodi, Simin ; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam ; Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi ; Mueller, Ulrich Otto ; Mukhopadhyay, Satinath ; Mullany, Erin C ; Mumford, John Everett ; Munro, Sandra B ; Muriithi, Moses K ; Musa, Kamarul Imran ; Mustafa, Ghulam ; Muthupandian, Saravanan ; Nabavizadeh, Behnam ; Nabhan, Ashraf F ; Naderi, Mehdi ; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman ; Nagel, Gabriele ; Naghavi, Mohsen ; Naghshtabrizi, Behshad ; Naik, Gurudatta ; Naimzada, Mukhammad David ; Nair, Sanjeev ; Najafi, Farid ; Naldi, Luigi ; Nandakumar, Vishnu ; Nandi, Anita K ; Nangia, Vinay ; Nansseu, Jobert Richie ; Naserbakht, Morteza ; 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Rothenbacher, Dietrich ; Rubagotti, Enrico ; Rumisha, Susan Fred ; Rwegerera, Godfrey M ; Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad ; Sabour, Siamak ; Sachdev, Perminder S ; Saddik, Basema ; Sadeghi, Ehsan ; Sadeghi, Masoumeh ; Saeedi, Reza ; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi ; Saeidi, Shahram ; Safari, Yahya ; Safi, Sare ; Safiri, Saeid ; Sagar, Rajesh ; Sahebkar, Amirhossein ; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali ; Sajadi, S Mohammad ; Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza ; Salam, Nasir ; Salama, Joseph S ; Salamati, Payman ; Zahabi, Saleh Salehi ; Salem, Hosni ; Salem, Marwa R ; Salimi, Yahya ; Salimzadeh, Hamideh ; Salman, Omar Mukhtar ; Salomon, Joshua A ; Salz, Inbal ; Samad, Zainab ; Kafil, Hossein Samadi ; Sambala, Evanson Zondani ; Samy, Abdallah M ; Sanabria, Juan ; Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G ; Santomauro, Damian Francesco ; Santos, Itamar S ; Santos, Joao Vasco ; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M ; Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer ; Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo ; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal ; Sartorius, Benn ; Sarveazad, Arash ; Sathian, Brijesh ; 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Keywords:
Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Medicine, General & Internal, General & Internal Medicine, CLINICAL-TRIALS, Birth Rate, Delivery of Health Care, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Male, Noncommunicable Diseases, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Wounds and Injuries, GBD 2019 Viewpoint Collaborators, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, 32 Biomedical and clinical sciences, 42 Health sciences
Abstract:
The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.