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International Journal Of Epidemiology

Publication date: 2020-02-01
Volume: 49 Pages: 173 - 192
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Author:

Taddei, Cristina
Jackson, Rod ; Zhou, Bin ; Bixby, Honor ; Danaei, Goodarz ; Di Cesare, Mariachiara ; Kuulasmaa, Kari ; Hajifathalian, Kaveh ; Bentham, James ; Bennett, James E ; Aekplakorn, Wichai ; Cifkova, Renata ; Dallongeville, Jean ; DeBacquer, Dirk ; Giampaoli, Simona ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Khang, Young-Ho ; Laatikainen, Tiina ; Mann, Jim ; Marques-Vidal, Pedro ; Mensah, George A ; Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina ; Ninomiya, Toshiharu ; Petkeviciene, Janina ; Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando ; Servais, Jennifer ; Soderberg, Stefan ; Stavreski, Bill ; Wilsgaard, Tom ; Zdrojewski, Tomasz ; Zhao, Dong ; Stevens, Gretchen A ; Savin, Stefan ; Cowan, Melanie J ; Riley, Leanne M ; Ezzati, Majid ; Adams, Robert J ; Ahrens, Wolfgang ; Amouyel, Philippe ; Amuzu, Antoinette ; Anderssen, Sigmund A ; Ariansen, Inger ; Arveiler, Dominique ; Aspelund, Thor ; Auvinen, Juha ; Avdicova, Maria ; Banach, Maciej ; Bandosz, Piotr ; Banegas, Jose R ; Barbagallo, Carlo M ; Bata, Iqbal ; Baur, Louise A ; Beaglehole, Robert ; Bernotiene, Gailute ; Bi, Yufang ; Bienek, Asako ; Bjorkelund, Cecilia ; Bo, Simona ; Boehm, Bernhard O ; Bonaccio, Marialaura ; Bongard, Vanina ; Borchini, Rossana ; Borghs, Herman ; Breckenkamp, Juergen ; Brenner, Hermann ; Bruno, Graziella ; Busch, Markus A ; Cabrera de Leon, Antonio ; Capuano, Vincenzo ; Casanueva, Felipe F ; Casas, Juan-Pablo ; Caserta, Carmelo A ; Censi, Laura ; Chen, Fangfang ; Chen, Shuohua ; Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores ; Cho, Belong ; Cho, Yumi ; Chudek, Jerzy ; Claessens, Frank ; Clarke, Janine ; Clays, Els ; Cooper, Cyrus ; Costanzo, Simona ; Cottel, Dominique ; Cowell, Chris ; Crujeiras, Ana B ; Cui, Liufu ; D'Arrigo, Graziella ; Dauchet, Luc ; De Backer, Guy ; De Bacquer, Dirk ; de Gaetano, Giovanni ; De Henauw, Stefaan ; De Smedt, Delphine ; Dennison, Elaine ; Deschamps, Valerie ; Di Castelnuovo, Augusto ; Dobson, Annette J ; Donfrancesco, Chiara ; Doering, Angela ; Drygas, Wojciech ; Du, Yong ; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta ; Eggertsen, Robert ; Ekelund, Ulf ; Elosua, Roberto ; Eriksson, Johan G ; Evans, Alun ; Faeh, David ; Felix-Redondo, Francisco J ; Fernandez-Berges, Daniel ; Ferrari, Marika ; Ferrieres, Jean ; Finn, Joseph D ; Forslund, Ann-Sofie ; Forsner, Maria ; Frontera, Guillermo ; Fujita, Yuki ; Gaciong, Zbigniew ; Galvano, Fabio ; Gao, Jingli ; Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli ; Garnett, Sarah P ; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel ; Gasull, Magda ; Gates, Louise ; Gianfagna, Francesco ; Gill, Tiffany K ; Giovannelli, Jonathan ; Giwercman, Aleksander ; Goltzman, David ; Gonzalez Gross, Marcela ; Gottrand, Frederic ; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel ; Grafnetter, Dusan ; Gregor, Ronald D ; Grodzicki, Tomasz ; Grosso, Giuseppe ; Gruden, Grabriella ; Gu, Dongfeng ; Guallar-Castillon, Pilar ; Gudmundsson, Elias F ; Guessous, Idris ; Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna ; Gutzwiller, Felix ; Hardy, Rebecca ; Hata, Jun ; Haugsgjerd, Teresa ; Hayes, Alison J ; He, Jiang ; He, Yuna ; Herrala, Sauli ; Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani ; Hobbs, Michael ; Hopman, Wilma M ; Maria Huerta, Josi ; Huybrechts, Inge ; Iacoviello, Licia ; Iannone, Anna G ; Ikeda, Nayu ; Iwasaki, Masanori ; Jamrozik, Konrad ; Janszky, Imre ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Jasienska, Grazyna ; Jennings, Garry ; Jeong, Seung-Lyeal ; Jiang, Chao Qiang ; Joffres, Michel ; Jokelainen, Jari J ; Jonas, Jost B ; Jozwiak, Jacek ; Kajantie, Eero O ; Kauhanen, Jussi ; Keil, Ulrich ; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka ; Kersting, Mathilde ; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula ; Kiechl, Stefan ; Kim, Jeongseon ; Kim, Yeon-Yong ; Klumbiene, Jurate ; Knoflach, Michael ; Ko, Stephanie ; Kolle, Elin ; Korpelainen, Raija ; Koskinen, Seppo ; Kouda, Katsuyasu ; Kratzer, Wolfgang ; Kriemler, Susi ; Krokstad, Steinar ; Kujala, Urho M ; Kurjata, Pawel ; Lam, Tai Hing ; Lanska, Vera ; Lappas, Georg ; Laugsand, Lars E ; Lee, Jeonghee ; Lehtimaki, Terho ; Li, Yanping ; Lilly, Christa L ; Lin, Xu ; Lind, Lars ; Lissner, Lauren ; Liu, Jing ; Lopez-Garcia, Esther ; Lorbeer, Roberto ; Eugenio Lozano, Jose ; Luksiene, Dalia ; Lundqvist, Annamari ; Lundqvist, Robert ; Lytsy, Per ; Ma, Guansheng ; Machi, Suka ; Maggi, Stefania ; Magliano, Dianna J ; Manzato, Enzo ; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B ; McLachlan, Stela ; McLean, Rachael M ; McLean, Scott B ; Meirhaeghe, Aline ; Meisinger, Christa ; Metcalf, Patricia ; Mi, Jie ; Miller, Jody C ; Moreno, Luis A ; Morin, Suzanne N ; Mossakowska, Malgorzata ; Muiesan, Maria L ; Mursu, Jaakko ; Nakamura, Harunobu ; Namesna, Jana ; Nauck, Matthias ; Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Eva ; Neal, William A ; Nenko, Ilona ; Niiranen, Teemu J ; Ning, Guang ; Noale, Marianna ; Norie, Sawada ; Noto, Davide ; O'Neill, Terence ; O'Reilly, Dermot ; Oh, Kyungwon ; Olafsson, Orn ; Paccaud, Fred Michel ; Pajak, Andrzej ; Palmieri, Luigi ; Panza, Francesco ; Parnell, Winsome R ; Peltonen, Markku ; Peters, Annette ; Petersmann, Astrid ; Pigeot, Iris ; Pilotto, Lorenza ; Piwonska, Aleksandra ; Plans-Rubio, Pedro ; Porta, Miquel ; Price, Jacqueline F ; Puder, Jardena J ; Puhakka, Soile E ; Radisauskas, Ricardas ; Raitakari, Olli ; Ramos, Rafel ; Redon, Josep ; Rigo, Fernando ; del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria ; Romaguera, Dora ; Ronkainen, Kimmo ; Rosengren, Annika ; Roy, Joel GR ; Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard ; Rutkowski, Marcin ; Salanave, Benoit ; Salmeron, Diego ; Salomaa, Veikko ; Salonen, Jukka T ; Salvetti, Massimo ; Sans, Susana ; Saramies, Jouko L ; Saum, Kai-Uwe ; Scheidt-Nave, Christa ; Schienkiewitz, Anja ; Schipf, Sabine ; Schmidt, Carsten O ; Schoettker, Ben ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Sen, Abhijit ; Shaw, Jonathan E ; Shibuya, Kenji ; Shin, Dong Wook ; Shiri, Rahman ; Simons, Judith ; Simons, Leon A ; Sjostrom, Michael ; Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta ; Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw ; Solfrizzi, Vincenzo ; Sonestedt, Emily ; Soumare, Aicha ; Staessen, Jan A ; Stathopoulou, Maria G ; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein ; Stehle, Peter ; Stieber, Jutta ; Stoeckl, Doris ; Stokwiszewski, Jakub ; Sundstrom, Johan ; Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul ; Tamosiunas, Abdonas ; Tan, Eng Joo ; Taylor, Anne ; Tell, Grethe ; Thijs, Lutgarde ; Tolonen, Hanna K ; Topor-Madry, Roman ; Jose Tormo, Maria ; Torrent, Maties ; Tsugane, Shoichiro ; Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka ; Tuomilehto, Jaakko ; Tzourio, Christophe ; Uusitalo, Hannu MT ; Van Herck, Koen ; Vanderschueren, Dirk ; Vanuzzo, Diego ; Vatten, Lars ; Vega, Tomas ; Veronesi, Giovanni ; Vioque, Jesus ; Virtanen, Jyrki K ; Visvikis-Siest, Sophie ; Vollenweider, Peter ; Voutilainen, Sari ; Vrijheid, Martine ; Wagner, Aline ; Wagner, Anne ; Wang, Ming-Dong ; Wang, Qian ; Wang, Ya Xing ; Wannamethee, S Goya ; Wei, Wenbin ; Whincup, Peter H ; Wiecek, Andrzej ; Willeit, Johann ; Willeit, Peter ; Wojtyniak, Bogdan ; Wong, Andrew ; Woodward, Mark ; Wu, Frederick C ; Wu, Shouling ; Xu, Haiquan ; Xu, Liang ; Yan, Weili ; Yang, Xiaoguang ; Ye, Xingwang ; Yoshihara, Akihiro ; Zambon, Sabina ; Zhao, Wenhua

Keywords:

Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, blood lipids, multi-country study, HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN, CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, INDIVIDUAL DATA, BLOOD-LIPIDS, LDL CHOLESTEROL, SERUM-LIPIDS, DIETARY-FAT, METAANALYSIS, PREVALENCE, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Asia, Asian People, Canada, Cholesterol, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Europe, Female, Humans, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Sex Factors, Triglycerides, United States, White People, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), BLOOD-PRESSURE, WORLDWIDE TRENDS, 0104 Statistics, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, Epidemiology, 4202 Epidemiology, 4206 Public health, 4905 Statistics

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. METHODS: We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. RESULTS: Since ∼1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at ∼0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as ∼0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to ∼26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. CONCLUSIONS: HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.