Author:

Keywords:

Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Glycan, Glycome, Glycomic, Glycosylation, IBD, Liver Disease, N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYLTRANSFERASE-III, CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C, EARLY HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA, MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED MICROBIOTA, BOWEL-DISEASE, NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS, RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS, GLYCAN INTERACTIONS, IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G, CROHNS-DISEASE, Biomarkers, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Gastrointestinal Tract, Glycomics, Humans, Liver, Liver Diseases, Polysaccharides, Prognosis, Proteomics, T-Lymphocytes, Time Factors, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 1109 Neurosciences, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, 3202 Clinical sciences, 3210 Nutrition and dietetics

Abstract:

Glycans are sequences of carbohydrates that are added to proteins or lipids to modulate their structure and function. Glycans modify proteins required for regulation of immune cells, and alterations have been associated with inflammatory conditions. For example, specific glycans regulate T-cell activation, structures, and functions of immunoglobulins; interactions between microbes and immune and epithelial cells; and malignant transformation in the intestine and liver. We review the effects of protein glycosylation in regulation of gastrointestinal and liver functions, and how alterations in glycosylation serve as diagnostic or prognostic factors, or as targets for therapy.