Author:

Keywords:

Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Oncology, Infectious Diseases, Pathology, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Vancomycin, Pharmacokinetics, Neonates, Therapeutic drug monitoring, Sepsis, Dosing nomogram, PHARMACOKINETICS, CHILDREN, REGIMENS, INFANTS, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Body Weight, Drug Monitoring, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Nomograms, 1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Microbiology, 3202 Clinical sciences, 3214 Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences

Abstract:

This study aimed to explore vancomycin pharmacokinetics and its covariates in critically ill neonates and to propose an easy applicable dosing nomogram for initial treatment. Individual vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on therapeutic drug monitoring data using a one-compartmental model. A linear regression model was used for examination of covariates. The mean (SD) volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (CL) for vancomycin were 0.73 (0.31) L/kg and 0.052 (0.020) L/h/kg, respectively. Vd was related to actual body weight (ABW), gestational and postmenstrual age. CL was also associated with ABW, gestational, postmenstrual age and also creatinine clearance. ABW was the strongest predictor for vancomycin pharmacokinetics and consequently dosing. Loading dose (mg) of 11.81 × ABW (kg) + 7.86 and maintenance dose (mg/day) of 40.92 × ABW (kg) -22.18 most closely approximated pharmacokinetic target. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics was mainly influenced by ABW in neonates and a practical ABW-based dosing algorithm was developed.