Anesthesiology
Publication date:
2019-02-01
Volume:
130
Pages:
263 -
283
Publisher:
Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Author:
Tai, Pham
Neto, Ary Serpa ; Pelosi, Paolo ; Laffey, John Gerard ; De Haro, Candelaria ; Angel Lorente, Jose ; Bellani, Giacomo ; Fan, Eddy ; Brochard, Laurent Jean ; Pesenti, Antonio ; Schultz, Marcus Josephus ; Artigas, Antonio ; Esteban, Andres ; Gattinoni, Luciano ; van Haren, Frank ; Larsson, Anders ; McAuley, Daniel F ; Ranieri, Marco ; Rubenfeld, Gordon ; Thompson, B Taylor ; Wrigge, Hermann ; Slutsky, Arthur S ; Rios, Fernando ; Sottiaux, Thierry ; Depuydt, Pieter ; Lora, Fredy S ; Azevedo, Luciano Cesar ; Bugedo, Guillermo ; Qiu, Haibo ; Gonzalez, Marcos ; Silesky, Juan ; Cerny, Vladimir ; Nielsen, Jonas ; Jibaja, Manuel ; Matamis, Dimitrios ; Luis Ranero, Jorge ; Amin, Pravin ; Hashemian, SM ; Clarkson, Kevin ; Kurahashi, Kiyoyasu ; Villagomez, Asisclo ; Zeggwagh, Amine Ali ; Heunks, Leo M ; Laake, Jon Henrik ; Emmanuel Palo, Jose ; Fernandes, Antero do Vale ; Sandesc, Dorel ; Arabi, Yaasen ; Bumbasierevic, Vesna ; Nin, Nicolas ; Piquilloud, Lise ; Abroug, Fekri ; McNamee, Lia ; Hurtado, Javier ; Bajwa, Ed ; Dempaire, Gabriel ; Sula, Hektor ; Nunci, Lordian ; Cani, Alma ; Zazu, Alan ; Dellera, Christian ; Insaurralde, Carolina S ; Alejandro, Risso ; Daldin, Julio ; Vinzio, Mauricio ; Fernandez, Ruben O ; Cardonnet, Luis P ; Bettini, Lisandro R ; Carboni Bisso, Mariano ; Osman, Emilio M ; Setten, Mariano G ; Lovazzano, Pablo ; Alvarez, Javier ; Villar, Veronica ; Pozo, Norberto C ; Grubissich, Nicolas ; Plotnikow, Gustavo A ; Vasquez, Daniela N ; Ilutovich, Santiago ; Tiribelli, Norberto ; Chena, Ariel ; Pellegrini, Carlos A ; Saenz, Maria G ; Estenssoro, Elisa ; Brizuela, Matias ; Gianinetto, Hernan ; Gomez, Pablo E ; Cerrato, Valeria ; Bezzi, Marco G ; Borello, Silvina A ; Loiacono, Flavia A ; Fernandez, Adriana M ; Knowles, Serena ; Reynolds, Claire ; Inskip, Deborah M ; Miller, Jennene J ; Kong, Jing ; Whitehead, Christina ; Bihari, Shailesh ; Seven, Aylin ; Krstevski, Amanda ; Rodgers, Helen J ; Millar, Rebecca T ; Mckenna, Toni E ; Bailey, Irene M ; Hanlon, Gabrielle C ; Aneman, Anders ; Lynch, Joan M ; Azad, Raman ; Neal, John ; Woods, Paul W ; Roberts, Brigit L ; Kol, Mark R ; Wong, Helen S ; Riss, Katharina C ; Staudinger, Thomas ; Wittebole, Xavier ; Berghe, Caroline ; Bulpa, Pierre A ; Dive, Alain M ; Verstraete, Rik ; Lebbinck, Herve ; Vermassen, Joris ; Meersseman, Philippe ; Ceunen, Helga ; Rosa, Jonas ; Beraldo, Daniel O ; Piras, Claudio ; Rampinelli, Adenilton M ; Nassar Jr, Antonio P ; Mataloun, Sergio ; Moock, Marcelo ; Thompson, Marlus M ; Goncalves, Claudio H ; Antonio, Ana Carolina P ; Ascoli, Aline ; Biondi, Rodrigo S ; Fontenele, Danielle C ; Nobrega, Danielle ; Sales, Vanessa M ; Abul Wahab, Ahmad Yazid Bin HJ ; Ismail, Maizatul ; Shindhe, Suresh ; Beloncle, Francois ; Davies, Kyle G ; Cirone, Rob ; Manoharan, Venika ; Ismail, Mehvish ; Goligher, Ewan C ; Jassal, Mandeep ; Nishikawa, Erin ; Javeed, Areej ; Curley, Gerard ; Rittayamai, Nuttapol ; Parotto, Matteo ; Ferguson, Niall D ; Mehta, Sangeeta ; Knoll, Jenny ; Pronovost, Antoine ; Canestrini, Sergio ; Bruhn, Alejandro R ; Garcia, Patricio H ; Aliaga, Felipe A ; Farias, Pamela A ; Yumha, Jacob S ; Ortiz, Claudia A ; Salas, Javier E ; Saez, Alejandro A ; Vega, Luis D ; Labarca, Eduardo F ; Martinez, Felipe T ; Carreno, Nicolas G ; Lora, Pilar ; Liu, Haitao ; Liu, Ling ; Tang, Rui ; Luo, Xiaoming ; An, Youzhong ; Zhao, Huiying ; Gao, Yan ; Zhai, Zhe ; Ye, Zheng L ; Wang, Wei ; Li, Wenwen ; Li, Qingdong ; Zheng, Ruiqiang ; Yu, Wenkui ; Shen, Juanhong ; Li, Xinyu ; Yu, Tao ; Lu, Weihua ; Wu, Ya Q ; Huang, Xiao B ; He, Zhenyang ; Lu, Yuanhua ; Han, Hui ; Zhang, Fan ; Sun, Renhua ; Wang, Hua X ; Qin, Shu H ; Zhu, Bao H ; Zhao, Jun ; Liu, Jian ; Li, Bin ; Liu, Jing L ; Zhou, Fa C ; Li, Qiong J ; Zhang, Xing Y ; Zhou, Li-Xin ; Qiang, Xin-Hua ; Jiang, Liangyan ; Gao, Yuan N ; Zhao, Xian Y ; Li, Yuan Y ; Li, Xiao L ; Wang, Chunting ; Yao, Qingchun ; Yu, Rongguo ; Chen, Kai ; Shao, Huanzhang ; Qin, Bingyu ; Huang, Qing Q ; Zhu, Wei H ; Hang, Ai Y ; Hua, Ma X ; Li, Yimin ; Xu, Yonghao ; Di, Yu D ; Ling, Long L ; Qin, Tie H ; Wang, Shou H ; Qin, Junping ; Han, Yi ; Zhou, Suming ; Vargas, Monica P ; Silesky Jimenez, Juan ; Gonzalez Rojas, Manuel A ; Solis-Quesada, Jaime E ; Ramirez-Alfaro, Christian M ; Maca, Jan ; Sklienka, Peter ; Gjedsted, Jakob ; Christiansen, Aage ; Villamagua, Boris G ; Llano, Miguel ; Burtin, Philippe ; Buzancais, Gautier ; Beuret, Pascal ; Pelletier, Nicolas ; Mortaza, Satar ; Mercat, Alain ; Chelly, Jonathan ; Jochmans, Sebastien ; Terzi, Nicolas ; Daubin, Cedric ; Carteaux, Guillaume ; de Prost, Nicolas ; Chiche, Jean-Daniel ; Daviaud, Fabrice ; Fartoukh, Muriel ; Barberet, Guillaume ; Biehler, Jerome ; Dellamonica, Jean ; Doyen, Denis ; Arnal, Jean-Michel ; Briquet, Anais ; Hraiech, Sami ; Papazian, Laurent ; Follin, Arnaud ; Roux, Damien ; Messika, Jonathan ; Kalaitzis, Evangelos ; Dangers, Laurence ; Combes, Alain ; Au, Siu-Ming ; Beduneau, Gaetan ; Carpentier, Dorothee ; Zogheib, Elie H ; Dupont, Herve ; Ricome, Sylvie ; Santoli, Francesco L ; Besset, Sebastien L ; Michel, Philippe ; Gelee, Bruno ; Danin, Pierre-Eric ; Goubaux, Bernard ; Crova, Philippe J ; Phan, Nga T ; Berkelmans, Frantz ; Badie, Julio C ; Tapponnier, Romain ; Gally, Josette ; Khebbeb, Samy ; Herbrecht, Jean-Etienne ; Schneider, Francis ; Declercq, Pierre-Louis M ; Rigaud, Jean-Philippe ; Duranteau, Jacques ; Harrois, Anatole ; Chabanne, Russell ; Marin, Julien ; Bigot, Charlene ; Thibault, Sandrine ; Ghazi, Mohammed ; Boukhazna, Messabi ; Zein, Salem Ould ; Richecoeur, Jack R ; Combaux, Daniele M ; Grelon, Fabien ; Le Moal, Charlene ; Sauvadet, Elise P ; Robine, Adrien ; Lemiale, Virginie ; Reuter, Danielle ; Dres, Martin ; Demoule, Alexandre ; Goldgran-Toledano, Dany ; Baboi, Loredana ; Guerin, Claude ; Lohner, Ralph ; Krassler, Jens ; Schaefer, Susanne ; Zacharowski, Kai D ; Meybohm, Patrick ; Reske, Andreas W ; Simon, Philipp ; Hopf, Hans-Bernd F ; Schuetz, Michael ; Baltus, Thomas ; Papanikolaou, Metaxia N ; Papavasilopoulou, Theonymfi G ; Zacharas, Giannis A ; Ourailogloy, Vasilis ; Mouloudi, Eleni K ; Massa, Eleni ; Nagy, Eva O ; Stamou, Electra E ; Kiourtzieva, Ellada ; Oikonomou, Marina A ; Avila, Luis E ; Cortez, Cesar A ; Citalan, Johanna E ; Jog, Sameer A ; Sable, Safal D ; Shah, Bhagyesh ; Gurjar, Mohan ; Baronia, Arvind K ; Memon, Mohammedfaruk ; Muthuchellappan, Radhakrishnan ; Ramesh, Venkatapura J ; Shenoy, Anitha ; Unnikrishnan, Ramesh ; Dixit, Subhal B ; Rhayakar, Rachana ; Ramakrishnan, Nagarajan ; Bhardwaj, Vallish K ; Mahto, Heera L ; Sagar, Sudha ; Palaniswamy, Vijayanand ; Ganesan, Deeban ; Jamaati, Hamidreza ; Heidari, Farshad ; Meaney, Edel A ; Nichol, Alistair ; Knapman, Karl M ; O'Croinin, Donall ; Dunne, Eimhin S ; Breen, Dorothy M ; Jaafar, Rola F ; Dwyer, Rory ; Amir, Fahd ; Ajetunmobi, Olaitan O ; O'Muircheartaigh, Aogan C ; Black, Colin S ; Treanor, Nuala ; Collins, Daniel ; Altaf, Wahid ; Zani, Gianluca ; Fusari, Maurizio ; Spadaro, Savino ; Volta, Carlo A ; Graziani, Romano ; Brunettini, Barbara ; Palmese, Salvatore ; Formenti, Paolo ; Umbrello, Michele ; Lombardo, Andrea ; Pecci, Elisabetta ; Botteri, Marco ; Savioli, Monica ; Protti, Alessandro ; Mattei, Alessia ; Schiavoni, Lorenzo ; Tinnirello, Andrea ; Todeschini, Manuel ; Giarratano, Antonino ; Cortegiani, Andrea ; Sher, Sara ; Rossi, Anna ; Antonelli, Massimo M ; Montini, Luca M ; Casalena, Paolo ; Scafetti, Sergio ; Panarello, Giovanna ; Occhipinti, Giovanna ; Patroniti, Nicolo ; Pozzi, Matteo ; Biscione, Roberto R ; Poli, Michela M ; Raimondi, Ferdinando ; Albiero, Daniela ; Crapelli, Giulia ; Beck, Eduardo ; Pota, Vincenzo ; Schiavone, Vincenzo ; Molin, Alexandre ; Tarantino, Fabio ; Monti, Giacomo ; Frati, Elena ; Mirabella, Lucia ; Cinnella, Gilda ; Fossali, Tommaso ; Colombo, Riccardo ; Pattarino, Pierpaolo Terragni Ilaria ; Mojoli, Francesco ; Braschi, Antonio ; Borotto, Erika E ; Cracchiolo, Andrea N ; Palma, Daniela M ; Raponi, Francesco ; Foti, Giuseppe ; Vascotto, Ettore R ; Coppadoro, Andrea ; Brazzi, Luca ; Floris, Leda ; Iotti, Giorgio A ; Venti, Aaron ; Yamaguchi, Osamu ; Takagi, Shunsuke ; Maeyama, Hiroki N ; Watanabe, Eizo ; Yamaji, Yoshihiro ; Shimizu, Kazuyoshi ; Shiozaki, Kyoko ; Futami, Satoru ; Ryosuke, Sekine ; Saito, Koji ; Kameyama, Yoshinobu ; Ueno, Keiko ; Izawa, Masayo ; Okuda, Nao ; Suzuki, Hiroyuki ; Harasawa, Tomofumi ; Nasu, Michitaka ; Takada, Tadaaki ; Ito, Fumihito ; Nunomiya, Shin ; Koyama, Kansuke ; Abe, Toshikazu ; Andoh, Kohkichi ; Kusumoto, Kohei ; Hirata, Akira ; Takaba, Akihiro ; Kimura, Hiroyasu ; Matsumoto, Shuhei ; Higashijima, Ushio ; Honda, Hiroyuki ; Aoki, Nobumasa ; Imai, Hiroshi ; Ogino, Yasuaki ; Mizuguchi, Ichiko ; Ichikado, Kazuya ; Nitta, Kenichi ; Mochizuki, Katsunori ; Hashida, Tomoaki ; Tanaka, Hiroyuki ; Nakamura, Tomoyuki ; Niimi, Daisuke ; Ueda, Takeshi ; Kashiwa, Yozo ; Uchiyama, Akinori ; Sabelnikovs, Olegs ; Oss, Peteris ; Haddad, Youssef ; Liew, Kong Y ; Namendys-Silva, Silvio A ; Jarquin-Badiola, Yves D ; Sanchez-Hurtado, Luis A ; Gomez-Flores, Saira S ; Marin, Maria C ; Lemus, Jordana S ; Fierro, Jonathan M ; Ramirez Cervantes, Mavy ; Flores Mejia, Francisco Javier ; Dector, Dulce ; Rojas, Alejandro ; Gonzalez, Daniel R ; Estrella, Claudia R ; Sanchez-Medina, Jorge R ; Ramirez-Gutierrez, Alvaro ; George, Fernando G ; Aguirre, Janet S ; Buensuseso, Juan A ; Poblano, Manuel ; Dendane, Tarek ; Balkhi, Hicham ; Elkhayari, Mina ; Samkaoui, Nacer ; Ezzouine, Hanane ; Benslama, Abdellatif ; Amor, Mourad ; Maazouzi, Wajdi ; Cimic, Nedim ; Beck, Oliver ; Bruns, Monique M ; Schouten, Jeroen A ; Rinia, Myra ; Raaijmakers, Monique ; Van Wezel, Hellen M ; Heines, Serge J ; Strauch, Ulrich ; Buise, Marc P ; Simonis, Fabienne D ; Goodson, Jennifer C ; Browne, Troy S ; Navarra, Leanlove ; Hunt, Anna ; Hutchison, Robyn A ; Bailey, Mathew B ; Newby, Lynette ; McArthur, Colin ; Kalkoff, Michael ; Mcleod, Alex ; Casement, Jonathan ; Hacking, Danielle J ; Andersen, Finn H ; Dolva, Merete S ; Barratt-Due, Andreas ; Noremark, Kim Andre L ; Soreide, Eldar ; Sjobo, Brit A ; Guttormsen, Anne B ; Leon Yoshido, Hector H ; Zumaran Aguilar, Ronald ; Montes Oscanoa, Fredy A ; Alisasis, Alain U ; Robles, Joanne B ; Pasanting-Lim, Rossini Abbie B ; Tan, Beatriz C ; Andruszkiewicz, Pawel ; Jakubowska, Karina ; Coxo, Cristina M ; Alvarez, Antonio M ; Oliveira, Bruno S ; Montanha, Gustavo M ; Barros, Nelson C ; Pereira, Carlos S ; Messias, Antonio M ; Monteiro, Jorge M ; Araujo, Ana M ; Catorze, Nuno T ; Marum, Susan M ; Bouw, Maria J ; Gomes, Rui M ; Brito, Vania A ; Castro, Silvia ; Estilita, Joana M ; Barros, Filipa M ; Serra, Isabel M ; Martinho, Aurelia M ; Tomescu, Dana R ; Marcu, Alexandra ; Bedreag, Ovidiu H ; Papurica, Marius ; Corneci, Dan E ; Negoita, Silvius Ioan ; Grigoriev, Evgeny ; Gritsan, Alexey ; Gazenkampf, Andrey A ; Almekhlafi, Ghaleb ; Albarrak, Mohamad M ; Mustafa, Ghanem M ; Maghrabi, Khalid A ; Salahuddin, Nawal ; Aisa, Tharwat M ; Al Jabbary, Ahmed S ; Tabhan, Edgardo ; Trinidad, Olivia A ; Al Dorzi, Hasan M ; Bolon, Stefan ; Smith, Oliver ; Mancebo, Jordi ; Aguirre-Bermeo, Hernan ; Lopez-Delgado, Juan C ; Esteve, Francisco ; Rialp, Gemma ; Forteza, Catalina ; Albaiceta, Guillermo M ; De Cima-Iglesias, Sara ; Seoane-Quiroga, Leticia ; Ceniceros-Barros, Alexandra ; Ruiz-Aguilar, Antonio L ; Claraco-Vega, Luis M ; Alfonso Soler, Juan ; del Carmen Lorente, Maria ; Hermosa, Cecilia ; Gordo, Federico ; Prieto-Gonzalez, Miryam ; Lopez-Messa, Juan B ; Perez, Manuel P ; Perez, Cesar P ; Montoiro Allue, Raquel ; Roche-Campo, Ferran ; Ibanez-Santacruz, Marcos ; Temprano, Susana ; Pintado, Maria C ; De Pablo, Raul ; Aroa Gomez, Pilar Ricart ; Rodriguez Ruiz, Silvia ; Iglesias Moles, Silvia ; Teresa Jurado, Ma ; Arizmendi, Alfons ; Piacentini, Enrique A ; Franco, Nieves ; Honrubia, Teresa ; Perez Cheng, Meisy ; Perez Losada, Elena ; Blanco, Javier ; Yuste, Luis J ; Carbayo-Gorriz, Cecilia ; Cazorla-Barranquero, Francisca G ; Alonso, Javier G ; Alda, Rosa S ; Algaba, Angela ; Navarro, Gonzalo ; Cereijo, Enrique ; Diaz-Rodriguez, Esther ; Pastor Marcos, Diego ; Alvarez Montero, Laura ; Herrera Para, Luis ; Jimenez Sanchez, Roberto ; Blasco Navalpotro, Miguel Angel ; Diaz Abad, Ricardo ; Montiel Gonzalez, Raquel ; Parrilla Toribio, Dacil ; Castro, Alejandro G ; Artiga, Maria Jose D ; Penuelas, Oscar ; Roser, Tomas P ; Olga, Moreno F ; Gallego Curto, Elena ; Manzano Sanchez, Rocio ; Imma, Vallverdu P ; Elisabet, Garcia M ; Claverias, Laura ; Magret, Monica ; Pellicer, Ana M ; Rodriguez, Lucia L ; Sanchez-Ballesteros, Jesus ; Gonzalez-Salamanca, Angela ; Jimenez, Antonio G ; Huerta, Francisco P ; Sotillo Diaz, Juan Carlos J ; Bermejo Lopez, Esther ; Llinares Moya, David D ; Tallet Alfonso, Alec A ; Eugenio Luis, Palazon Sanchez ; Sanchez Cesar, Palazon ; Rafael, Sanchez ; Virgilio, Corcoles G ; Recio, Noelia N ; Adamsson, Richard O ; Rylander, Christian C ; Holzgraefe, Bernhard ; Broman, Lars M ; Wessbergh, Joanna ; Persson, Linnea ; Schioler, Fredrik ; Kedelv, Hans ; Tibblin, Anna Oscarsson ; Appelberg, Henrik ; Hedlund, Lars ; Helleberg, Johan ; Eriksson, Karin E ; Glietsch, Rita ; Larsson, Niklas ; Nygren, Ingela ; Nunes, Silvia L ; Morin, Anna-Karin ; Kander, Thomas ; Adolfsson, Anne ; Zender, Herve O ; Leemann-Refondini, Corinne ; Elatrous, Souheil ; Bouchoucha, Slaheddine ; Chouchene, Imed ; Ouanes, Islem ; Ben Souissi, Asma ; Kamoun, Salma ; Demirkiran, Oktay ; Aker, Mustafa ; Erbabacan, Emre ; Ceylan, Ilkay ; Girgin, Nermin Kelebek ; Ozcelik, Menekse ; Unal, Necmettin ; Meco, Basak Ceyda ; Akyol, Onat O ; Derman, Suleyman S ; Kennedy, Barry ; Parhar, Ken ; Srinivasa, Latha ; Hopkins, Phil ; Mellis, Clare ; Kakar, Vivek ; Hadfield, Dan ; Vercueil, Andre ; Humphreys, Sally K ; Ferguson, Andrew ; Mckee, Raymond ; Raj, Ashok S ; Fawkes, Danielle A ; Watt, Philip ; Twohey, Linda ; Jha, Rajeev R ; Thomas, Matthew ; Morton, Alex ; Kadaba, Varsha ; Smith, Mark J ; Hormis, Anil P ; Kannan, Santhana G ; Namih, Miriam ; Reschreiter, Henrik ; Camsooksai, Julie ; Kumar, Alek ; Rugonfalvi, Szabolcs ; Nutt, Christopher ; Oneill, Orla ; Seasman, Colette ; Dempsey, Ged ; Scott, Christopher J ; Ellis, Helen E ; Mckechnie, Stuart ; Hutton, Paula J ; Di Tomasso, Nora N ; Vitale, Michela N ; Griffin, Ruth O ; Dean, Michael N ; Cranshaw, Julius H ; Willett, Emma L ; Ioannou, Nicholas ; Gillis, Sarah ; Csabi, Peter ; Macfadyen, Rosaleen ; Dawson, Heidi ; Preez, Pieter D ; Williams, Alexandra J ; Boyd, Owen ; de Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz ; Bramall, Jon ; Symmonds, Sophie ; Chau, Simon K ; Wenham, Tim ; Szakmany, Tamas ; Toth-Tarsoly, Piroska ; Mccalman, Katie H ; Alexander, Peter ; Stephenson, Lorraine ; Collyer, Thomas ; Chapman, Rhiannon ; Cooper, Raphael ; Allan, Russell M ; Sim, Malcolm ; Wrathall, David W ; Irvine, Donald A ; Zantua, Kim S ; Adams, John C ; Burtenshaw, Andrew J ; Sellors, Gareth P ; Welters, Ingeborg D ; Williams, Karen E ; Hessell, Robert J ; Oldroyd, Matthew G ; Battle, Ceri E ; Pillai, Suresh ; Kajtor, Istvan ; Sivashanmugavel, Mageswaran ; Okane, Sinead C ; Donnelly, Adrian ; Frigyik, Aniko D ; Careless, Jon P ; May, Martin M ; Stewart, Richard ; Trinder, T John ; Hagan, Samantha J ; Cole, Jade M ; MacFie, Caroline C ; Dowling, Anna T ; Bhowmick, Kaushik ; Nunez, Edgardo ; Pittini, Gustavo ; Rodriguez, Ruben ; Imperio, Maria C ; Santos, Cristina ; Franca, Ana G ; Ebeid, Alejandro ; Deicas, Alberto ; Serra, Carolina ; Uppalapati, Aditya ; Kamel, Ghassan ; Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie M ; Beitler, Jeremy R ; Mukkera, Satyanarayana Reddy ; Kulkarni, Shreedhar ; Lee, Jarone ; Mesar, Tomaz ; Shinn, John O ; Gomaa, Dina ; Tainter, Christopher ; Yeatts, Dale J ; Warren, Jessica ; Lanspa, Michael J ; Miller, Russel R ; Grissom, Colin K ; Brown, Samuel M ; Bauer, Philippe R ; Gosselin, Ryan J ; Kitch, Barrett T ; Cohen, Jason E ; Beegle, Scott H ; Choudry, Shazia ; Gueret, Renaud M ; Tulaimat, Aiman ; Stigler, William ; Batra, Hitesh ; Huff, Nidhi G ; Lamb, Keith D ; Oetting, Trevor W ; Mohr, Nicholas M ; Judy, Claine ; Saito, Shigeki ; Kheir, Fayez ; Schlichting, Adam B ; Delsing, Angela ; Crouch, Daniel R ; Elmasri, Mary ; Ismail, Dina ; Dreyer, Kyle R ; Blakeman, Thomas C ; Baron, Rebecca M ; Grijalba, Carolina Quintana ; Hou, Peter C ; Seethala, Raghu ; Aisiku, Imo ; Henderson, Galen ; Frendl, Gyorgy ; Hou, Sen-Kuang ; Owens, Robert L ; Schomer, Ashley ; Bumbasirevic, Vesna ; Jovanovic, Bojan ; Surbatovic, Maja ; Veljovic, Milic
Keywords:
Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Anesthesiology, END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE, INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS, MECHANICAL VENTILATION, HOSPITAL MORTALITY, SOFA SCORE, INJURY, ARDS, EPIDEMIOLOGY, SUBPHENOTYPES, DEFINITIONS, Female, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Internationality, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Outcome Assessment, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Severity of Illness Index, LUNG SAFE Investigators* and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Trials Group, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 3202 Clinical sciences
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Patients with initial mild acute respiratory distress syndrome are often underrecognized and mistakenly considered to have low disease severity and favorable outcomes. They represent a relatively poorly characterized population that was only classified as having acute respiratory distress syndrome in the most recent definition. Our primary objective was to describe the natural course and the factors associated with worsening and mortality in this population. METHODS: This study analyzed patients from the international prospective Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) who had initial mild acute respiratory distress syndrome in the first day of inclusion. This study defined three groups based on the evolution of severity in the first week: "worsening" if moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria were met, "persisting" if mild acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria were the most severe category, and "improving" if patients did not fulfill acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria any more from day 2. RESULTS: Among 580 patients with initial mild acute respiratory distress syndrome, 18% (103 of 580) continuously improved, 36% (210 of 580) had persisting mild acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 46% (267 of 580) worsened in the first week after acute respiratory distress syndrome onset. Global in-hospital mortality was 30% (172 of 576; specifically 10% [10 of 101], 30% [63 of 210], and 37% [99 of 265] for patients with improving, persisting, and worsening acute respiratory distress syndrome, respectively), and the median (interquartile range) duration of mechanical ventilation was 7 (4, 14) days (specifically 3 [2, 5], 7 [4, 14], and 11 [6, 18] days for patients with improving, persisting, and worsening acute respiratory distress syndrome, respectively). Admissions for trauma or pneumonia, higher nonpulmonary sequential organ failure assessment score, lower partial pressure of alveolar oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen, and higher peak inspiratory pressure were independently associated with worsening. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with initial mild acute respiratory distress syndrome continue to fulfill acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria in the first week, and nearly half worsen in severity. Their mortality is high, particularly in patients with worsening acute respiratory distress syndrome, emphasizing the need for close attention to this patient population.