Author:

Keywords:

Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Biodiversity ecosystem functioning, Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration, Index, Tree rings, TREEWEB, X-ray computed tomography, FAGUS-SYLVATICA L., TREE SPECIES-DIVERSITY, EUROPEAN BEECH, MASTING BEHAVIOR, BIOLOGICAL FLORA, CLIMATE RESPONSE, PINUS-SYLVESTRIS, SOUTHERN SWEDEN, QUERCUS-PETRAEA, WINTER EMBOLISM, Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, Belgium, Climate Change, Droughts, Fagus, Forests, Quercus, Seasons, Species Specificity, Trees

Abstract:

PURPOSE: Droughts are expected to become more intense and frequent. Mixed forests can be more resilient to extreme events, but are the individual trees in mixed forests also more resilient to drought? METHODS: We sampled 275 trees in 53 temperate forest stands in northern Belgium: monocultures, two-species mixtures, and the three-species mixture of Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, and Q. rubra. We related the annual basal area increment of individual trees to drought severity from 1955 to 2015 and calculated growth resistance, recovery, and resilience for six contrasting drought episodes (spring, summer, or full-year drought). RESULTS: Tree growth of the diffuse-porous F. sylvatica was more sensitive to drought, summer drought in particular. The ring-porous Q. robur and Q. rubra were mainly affected by spring drought. In general, a tree's growth response to drought was not affected by tree species diversity, but some identity effects emerged. CONCLUSION: The asynchrony in drought responses among the tree species (a large and immediate decrease in growth followed by swift recovery in F. sylvatica vs a smaller delayed response in Quercus) might stabilize productivity in forests in which both are present. The impact of the predicted increasing drought frequency will depend on the timing of the droughts (spring vs summer).