Author:

Keywords:

Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Neurosciences, Neurosciences & Neurology, PLURIPOTENT STEM-CELLS, MITOCHONDRIA-ASSOCIATED MEMBRANES, DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER, ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM, INCREASED SENSITIVITY, PINK1-PARKIN PATHWAY, CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS, NONMOTOR SYMPTOMS, ANIMAL-MODELS, MOUSE-BRAIN, Drosophila, ER-mitochondrial contact site, Parkinson’s disease, circadian rhythm, hypothalamic neuron, iPS cells, neuropeptidergic neuron, non-motor symptoms, phophatidylserine, sleep, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Drosophila Proteins, Drosophila melanogaster, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Humans, Hypothalamus, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Lipid Metabolism, Mitochondria, Neurons, Neuropeptides, Parkinson Disease, Phosphatidylserines, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Sleep, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Ubiquitination, G0A5219N#54971238, 1109 Neurosciences, 1701 Psychology, 1702 Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, 3209 Neurosciences, 5202 Biological psychology

Abstract:

Parkinson's disease patients report disturbed sleep patterns long before motor dysfunction. Here, in parkin and pink1 models, we identify circadian rhythm and sleep pattern defects and map these to specific neuropeptidergic neurons in fly models and in hypothalamic neurons differentiated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Parkin and Pink1 control the clearance of mitochondria by protein ubiquitination. Although we do not observe major defects in mitochondria of mutant neuropeptidergic neurons, we do find an excess of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contacts. These excessive contact sites cause abnormal lipid trafficking that depletes phosphatidylserine from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and disrupts the production of neuropeptide-containing vesicles. Feeding mutant animals phosphatidylserine rescues neuropeptidergic vesicle production and acutely restores normal sleep patterns in mutant animals. Hence, sleep patterns and circadian disturbances in Parkinson's disease models are explained by excessive ER-mitochondrial contacts, and blocking their formation or increasing phosphatidylserine levels rescues the defects in vivo.