Author:

Keywords:

Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Physical Sciences, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Chemistry, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, prostate cancer, next-generation sequencing, copy number changes, gene fusions, long non-coding RNAs, methylation, microRNAs, single nucleotide polymorphisms, single nucleotide variants, EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION, MICRORNA EXPRESSION SIGNATURE, TRANSMEMBRANE SERINE-PROTEASE, COPY NUMBER ALTERATIONS, ETS GENE FUSIONS, WIDE ASSOCIATION, DNA METHYLATION, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, ANDROGEN RECEPTOR, MIR-200 FAMILY, DNA Copy Number Variations, DNA Methylation, Genome, Human, Humans, Male, Prostatic Neoplasms, RNA, Untranslated, Receptors, Androgen, 0399 Other Chemical Sciences, 0604 Genetics, 0699 Other Biological Sciences, Chemical Physics, 3101 Biochemistry and cell biology, 3107 Microbiology, 3404 Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry

Abstract:

By the age of 80, approximately 80% of men will manifest some cancerous cells within their prostate, indicating that prostate cancer constitutes a major health burden. While this disease is clinically insignificant in most men, it can become lethal in others. The most challenging task for clinicians is developing a patient-tailored treatment in the knowledge that this disease is highly heterogeneous and that relatively little adequate prognostic tools are available to distinguish aggressive from indolent disease. Next-generation sequencing allows a description of the cancer at an unprecedented level of detail and at different levels, going from whole genome or exome sequencing to transcriptome analysis and methylation-specific immunoprecipitation, followed by sequencing. Integration of all these data is leading to a better understanding of the initiation, progression and metastatic processes of prostate cancer. Ultimately, these insights will result in a better and more personalized treatment of patients suffering from prostate cancer. The present review summarizes current knowledge on copy number changes, gene fusions, single nucleotide mutations and polymorphisms, methylation, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs obtained from high-throughput studies.