Author:

Abstract:

In this paper, the economic effects of sensor and actuator degradation faults on the control performance of multiple model-based (MB) controllers are investigated, through monte-carlo simulations over a reference year, using an emulator model of a hydronically heated and cooled office. Three controllers are compared, both in fault free and fault present periods, together with their lower performance bound (PB) (free floating indoor air temperature) and upper PB (net energy demand required to realise thermal comfort): (A) an open loop controller with weather compensated temperature control and clock-controlled flow-rate, (B) a PID-controller with dead-band for supply water temperature control and flow-rate control and (C) a receding horizon (RH) controller using a grey-box model.