Author:

Keywords:

Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine, acquired risk factors, amelogenin (AMELX) gene, aquaporin (AQP5) gene, candidate gene study (CGS), carbohydrate, caries, diabetes, diet, Fc gamma receptor IIA (Fc gamma RIIA) gene, fluoride, genetics, genome wide association study (GWAS), gingival bleeding, gingivitis, hyposalivation, Interleukin 10 (IL10) gene, macronutrient, malnutrition, micronutrient, nutrition, oral hygiene frequency, periodontal diseases, periodontitis, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), prediction factor, prognostic factor, protein, risk factor, saliva, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), smoking, starch, sugars, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, ASCORBIC-ACID DEPLETION, OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA, GLOBAL BURDEN, ORAL-HEALTH, VITAMIN-D, ASSOCIATION, SUPPLEMENTATION, RISK, DIET, PROGRESSION, Fc gamma receptor IIA (FcγRIIA) gene, Dental Caries, Health Behavior, Humans, Life Style, Periodontal Diseases, Risk Factors, 1105 Dentistry, Dentistry, 3203 Dentistry

Abstract:

Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common diseases of humans and the main cause of tooth loss. Both diseases can lead to nutritional compromise and negative impacts upon self-esteem and quality of life. As complex chronic diseases, they share common risk factors, such as a requirement for a pathogenic plaque biofilm, yet they exhibit distinct pathophysiologies. Multiple exposures contribute to their causal pathways, and susceptibility involves risk factors that are inherited (e.g. genetic variants), and those that are acquired (e.g. socio-economic factors, biofilm load or composition, smoking, carbohydrate intake). Identification of these factors is crucial in the prevention of both diseases as well as in their management.