Author:

Keywords:

Science & Technology, Technology, Engineering, Biomedical, Engineering, Convection-enhanced delivery (CED), digital image processing, drug delivery, geometry correction, BRAIN-TISSUE, INFUSION, PHANTOM, PRESSURE, DRUG, HYDROCEPHALUS, TRANSPORT, FLOW, Bromphenol Blue, Computer Simulation, Convection, Drug Delivery Systems, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Membranes, Artificial, Models, Biological, Models, Chemical, Phantoms, Imaging, Pharmacokinetics, Sepharose, 0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing, 0903 Biomedical Engineering, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, 4003 Biomedical engineering, 4009 Electronics, sensors and digital hardware, 4603 Computer vision and multimedia computation

Abstract:

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a promising technique to deliver large molecular weight drugs to the human brain for treatment of Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, or brain tumors. Researchers have used agarose gels to study mechanisms of agent transport in soft tissues like brain due to its similar mechanical and transport properties. However, inexpensive quantitative techniques to precisely measure achieved agent distribution in agarose gel phantoms during CED are missing. Such precise measurements of concentration distribution are needed to optimize drug delivery. An optical experimental method to accurately quantify agent concentration in agarose is presented. A novel geometry correction algorithm is used to determine real concentrations from observable light intensities captured by a digital camera. We demonstrate the technique in dye infusion experiments that provide cylindrical and spherical distributions when infusing with porous membrane and conventional single-port catheters, respectively. This optical method incorporates important parameters, such as optimum camera exposure, captured camera intensity calibration, and use of collimated light source for maximum precision. We compare experimental results with numerical solutions to the convection diffusion equation. The solutions of convection-diffusion equations in the cylindrical and spherical domains were found to match the experimental data obtained by geometry correction algorithm.