Author:

Keywords:

Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences & Neurology, CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM, MULTILEVEL SURGERY, YOUNG-CHILDREN, DEFINITION, MANAGEMENT, DYSTONIA, CHOREOATHETOSIS, DIAGNOSIS, PATTERNS, EFFICACY, Infant, Adult, Humans, Cerebral Palsy, Motor Disorders, Exercise, Muscle Spasticity, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 1109 Neurosciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, 3202 Clinical sciences, 3209 Neurosciences

Abstract:

Cerebral palsy is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition arising from non-progressive disorders occurring in the fetal or infant brain. Cerebral palsy has long been categorised into discrete motor types based on the predominance of spasticity, dyskinesia, or ataxia. However, these motor disorders, muscle weakness, hypotonia, and impaired selective movements should also be discriminated across the range of presentations and along the lifespan. Although cerebral palsy is permanent, function changes across the lifespan, indicating the importance of interventions to improve outcomes in motor disorders associated with the condition. Mounting evidence exists for the inclusion of several interventions, including active surveillance, adapted physical activity, and nutrition, to prevent secondary and tertiary complications. Avenues for future research include the development of evidence-based recommendations, low-cost and high-quality alternatives to existing therapies to ensure universal access, standardised cerebral palsy registers to harmonise epidemiological and clinical information, improved adult screening and check-up programmes to facilitate positive lived experiences, and phase 3 trials for new interventions.