Author:

Keywords:

American Thyroid Association, consensus statement, DOUBLE-BLIND, DYSTHYROID OPTIC NEUROPATHY, Endocrinology & Metabolism, European Thyroid Association, INTRAVENOUS GLUCOCORTICOIDS, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, METHYLPREDNISOLONE PULSE THERAPY, MODERATE-TO-SEVERE, ORBITAL RADIOTHERAPY, QUALITY-OF-LIFE, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL, Science & Technology, SEVERE GRAVES ORBITOPATHY, SINGLE-BLIND, thyroid eye disease

Abstract:

Thyroid eye disease (TED) remains challenging for clinicians to evaluate and manage. Novel therapies have recently emerged, and their specific roles are still being determined. Most patients with TED develop eye manifestations while being treated for hyperthyroidism and under the care of endocrinologists. Endocrinologists, therefore, have a key role in diagnosis, initial management, and selection of patients who require referral to specialist care. Given that the need for guidance to endocrinologists charged with meeting the needs of patients with TED transcends national borders, and to maximize an international exchange of knowledge and practices, the American Thyroid Association and European Thyroid Association joined forces to produce this Consensus Statement.