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Introduction: The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ) has its roots in the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality. Objectives: This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Dutch translation of the RST-PQ and proposed a brief version. Methods: A sample of 603 Belgian and Dutch adults completed the RST-PQ, and to assess convergent and divergent validity, a subgroup also completed other personality and symptom questionnaires. Results: A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the a priori six-factor structure of the RST-PQ, similar to other translations. However, this model did not satisfy the requirements of an acceptable fit. Therefore, a brief version of the RST-PQ (B-RST-PQ) was developed. In line with the aims of the RST-PQ, a CFA showed an acceptable fit for the six-factor model of the B-RST-PQ. The B-RST-PQ obtained good reliability coefficients of the six scales and high correlations with the original RST-PQ. Conclusion: The B-RST-PQ seems to be a valid and reliable instrument for future research.