Author:

Abstract:

The present chapter aims at re-visiting our former insights on the anti-commons effect in life sciences. First, we re-examine the patent proliferation phenomenon and related anti-commons problem by investigating the patent growth and re-assessing the existence of patent thickets in the life sciences (section 2). Second, and most importantly, we re-visit the collaborative license solution, by taking stock of new models and trends (section 3), and by carrying out an in-depth analysis of operative models (section 4). We close by summarizing lessons learned from the past, which might be meaningful for (re-)writing the future (section 5).