Author:

Keywords:

Zirconia, Alumina sandblasting, Tribochemical silica sandblasting, Aging, Rough polishing, Low-temperature degradation, Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Technology, Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine, Materials Science, Biomaterials, Materials Science, LOW-TEMPERATURE DEGRADATION, BIAXIAL FLEXURE STRENGTH, AIR-PARTICLE ABRASION, Y-TZP, PHASE-TRANSFORMATION, MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES, HYDROTHERMAL STABILITY, SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS, HEAT-TREATMENT, GRAIN-SIZE, Acrylic Resins, Aluminum Oxide, Composite Resins, Dental Etching, Dental Porcelain, Materials Testing, Polyurethanes, Silicon Dioxide, Surface Properties, X-Ray Diffraction, Yttrium, Zirconium, 09 Engineering, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Dentistry, 3203 Dentistry

Abstract:

The influence of surface treatment on the low-temperature degradation (LTD) of tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (TZP) is still unclear. Objectives. The effect of surface treatments on the LTD behavior of zirconia was investigated. Methods. Fully-sintered specimens of seven commercial dental zirconia (Aadva, GC; In-CeramYZ, VITA; IPS e.max ZirCAD, Ivoclar Vivadent; LAVA Frame and LAVA Plus, 3M ESPE; NANOZR, Panasonic; ZirTough, Kuraray Noritake) were provided by the manufacturers with specimen dimensions of approximately 10 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm. For each zirconia grade, samples were kept ‘as sintered’ (untreated) or were subjected to one of the three surface treatments: rough polished, sandblasted with Al2O3, tribochemical silica sandblasted (n = 3/group). The tetragonal to monoclinic transformation was evaluated by X-ray diffraction at several intervals during LTD testing up to 40h in steam in an autoclave (134 °C, 2 bar). Results. The five yttria-stabilized TZP (Y-TZP: Aadva, In-CeramYZ, IPS e.max ZirCAD, LAVA Frame, LAVA Plus) zirconia showed a similar trend in LTD behavior. The Al2O3 sandblasted zirconia showed the highest monoclinic volume fraction. The as sintered (untreated) zirconia degraded faster than the surface-treated zirconia. Although the surface-treated ceria-stabilized TZP/alumina (Ce-TZP/Al2O3: NANOZR) zirconia had a higher initial monoclinic volume fraction compared to the Y-TZP zirconia, it showed a stronger aging resistance. The as sintered (untreated) Y-TZP/alumina (Y-TZP/Al2O3: ZirTough) zirconia showed a strong aging resistance, whereas the surface-treated Y-TZP/Al2O3 zirconia degraded slightly. Significance. Surface treatment improved the aging resistance of Y-TZP zirconia. Surface treatment did not affect the LTD behavior of Ce-TZP/Al2O3 zirconia, while surface treatment decreased the aging resistance of Y-TZP/Al2O3 zirconia.