Author:

Keywords:

interpenetrating networks (ipn), dynamic mechanical behavior, storage modulus, loss modulus, damping peak, miscibility, glass transaction, temperature curves, damping behavior, nitrile rubber, vinyl-acetate, blends, polyurethane, polystyrene, morphology, density, Science & Technology, Physical Sciences, Polymer Science, interpenetrating networks (IPN), TEMPERATURE CURVES, DAMPING BEHAVIOR, NITRILE RUBBER, VINYL-ACETATE, LOSS MODULUS, BLENDS, POLYURETHANE, POLYSTYRENE, MORPHOLOGY, DENSITY, 02 Physical Sciences, 03 Chemical Sciences, 09 Engineering, Polymers

Abstract:

The effects of the blend ratio and initiating system on the viscoelastic properties of nanostructured natural rubber/polystyrene-based interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were investigated in the temperature range of -80 to 150 degreesC. The studies were carried out at different frequencies (100, 50, 10, 1, and 0.1 Hz), and their effects on the damping and storage and loss moduli were analyzed. In all cases, tan delta and the storage and loss moduli showed two distinct transitions corresponding to natural rubber and polystyrene phases, which indicated that the system was not miscible on the molecular level. However, a slight inward shift, was observed in the IPNs, with respect to the glass-transition temperatures (T-g's) of the virgin polymers, showing a certain degree of miscibility or intermixing between the two phases. When the frequency increased from 0.1 to 100 Hz, the T-g values showed a positive shift in all cases. In a comparison of the three initiating systems (dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, and azobisisobutyronitrile), the dicumyl peroxide system showed the highest modulus. The morphology of the IPNs was analyzed with transmission electron microscopy. The micrographs indicated that the system was nanostructured. An attempt was made to relate the viscoelastic behavior to the morphology of the IPNs. Various models, such as the series, parallel, Halpin-Tsai, Kerner, Coran, Takayanagi, and Davies models, were used to model the viscoelastic data. The area under the linear loss modulus curve was larger than that obtained by group contribution analysis; this showed that the damping was influenced by the phase morphology, dual-phase continuity, and crosslinking of the phases. Finally, the homogeneity of the system was further evaluated with Cole-Cole analysis. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.