Author:

Keywords:

Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine, SURFACE-FREE-ENERGY, CYTOKINE PROFILES, PLAQUE-FORMATION, SUPRAGINGIVAL, CHILDREN, INTERLEUKIN-6, INFLAMMATION, ROUGHNESS, ADULTS, Adolescent, Bacteria, Bacterial Load, Chemokine CCL2, Chemokine CXCL10, Cytokines, Dental Plaque, Extraoral Traction Appliances, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Gingival Hemorrhage, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Oral Hygiene, Orthodontic Appliances, Orthodontic Brackets, Orthodontic Wires, Patient Education as Topic, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, 0903 Biomedical Engineering, 1105 Dentistry, Dentistry, 3203 Dentistry, 4003 Biomedical engineering

Abstract:

Bacterial plaque is an etiologic factor in the development of gingival inflammation and periodontitis. The presence of orthodontic bands and brackets influences plaque growth and maturation. The purposes of this research were to monitor microbiologic and periodontal changes after placement of orthodontic attachments over a 1-year period and to link these changes to alterations in cytokine concentrations in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).