Author:

Keywords:

Animals, Awareness, Behavior, Animal, Brain Mapping, Contrast Media, Ferrosoferric Oxide, Iron, Macaca mulatta, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motion Perception, Oxides, Parietal Lobe, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Temporal Lobe, Visual Cortex, Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Neurosciences, Neurosciences & Neurology, SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON-OXIDE, CEREBRAL BLOOD-VOLUME, FRONTAL EYE FIELD, AREA MT, MACAQUE MONKEY, EXTRASTRIATE CORTEX, RESPONSE PROPERTIES, FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS, INTRAPARIETAL AREA, HUMAN BRAIN, 1109 Neurosciences, 1701 Psychology, 1702 Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, 3209 Neurosciences, 5202 Biological psychology

Abstract:

To reduce the information gap between human neuroimaging and macaque physiology and anatomy, we mapped fMRI signals produced by moving and stationary stimuli (random dots or lines) in fixating monkeys. Functional sensitivity was increased by a factor of approximately 5 relative to the BOLD technique by injecting a contrast agent (monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticle [MION]). Areas identified as motion sensitive included V2, V3, MT/V5, vMST, FST, VIP, and FEF (with moving dots), as well as V4, TE, LIP, and PIP (with random lines). These regions sensitive for moving dots are largely in agreement with monkey single unit data and (except for V3A) with human fMRI results. Moving lines activate some regions that have not been previously implicated in motion processing. Overall, the results clarify the relationship between the motion pathway and the dorsal stream in primates.